What best defines an "incident" in environmental monitoring?

An "incident" in environmental monitoring refers to an occurrence that involves the detection of one or more non-compliances with regulatory standards, policies, or environmental legislation. This definition is important because it highlights that an incident typically denotes a deviation from expected norms or requirements, which necessitates investigation, remediation, or reporting to appropriate authorities. Such occurrences are critical in understanding environmental impacts, ensuring regulatory compliance, and protecting public health and the environment.

In contrast to other options, a scheduled inspection represents a proactive measure and is not classified as an incident since it does not imply any immediate non-compliance or violation. The submission of a report following a violation is a response to an incident but does not define what an incident is. The planning phase of a compliance project is focused on preparatory actions rather than documenting an event or condition that necessitates intervention or regulatory response. Therefore, identifying an incident as involving one or more non-compliances aligns with the goal of maintaining environmental integrity and compliance.